Steam generator



NlcLAussE ET AL 1?:7935857 'STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 3, 1925 5Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 24, 1931. J. NlcLAUsE T AL 1,793,857

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Deo. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N VEN 7'0 ATTOHlm/5 Feb. 24, 1931. J. NCLAUSSE ET AL 1,793,867

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Deo. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 24, 1931. Q1.NlcLAussE ET AL 1,793,867

STEAM GENERATOR Filed D?? 5. 1925 5 sheets-sheet 4 l l "if a .mmm-i':,lll' L :Izltzl 2 am fj www mmm M0 w Afro/ME75.

Feb- 24, 1931. J. NlcLAUssE ET AL 1,793,857

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet` 5 ATTOK'NEYS atenteclweb, 2 Ml STE GENERATOR application le December 3, 1925, Serial No.72,877, and in France @ctober a, wat.

This invention has for its object a steam generator characterized bygrouping around a common combustion chamber capable of being fed withpowdered fuel, solid fuel or 5 liquid fuel, a series of groups oftubular evaporating elements whose metal tubes form the walls of thelsaid combustion chamber. By this means the ordinary walls of refracltory bricks of combustion chambers which resist badly the hightemperatures of direct radiation from the hearth and which are costly tomaintain, are avoided.

As the Walls of the combustion chambers are formedof vaporizing tubesthus exposed to direct radiation from the hearth, the ethciency of theboiler is very high and .moreover by reason of the intense absorption ofheat by the walls formed by-the vaporizing tubes the temperature in thiscombustion chamber is maintained below the point of fusion of thecinders which are then easily extracted in a state of dust.

The generator forming the subject of the present specification comprisesamong others and in combination or otherwise the followingcharacteristics (a-) Each group of evaporating elements forms in itselfa complete steam generator having its own functions, and provided withsu erheating tubes and feed water heating tu es suitably connectedtogether. (b) All these groups of evaporating elements are arrangedconcentrically or in any form or shape desired around a combustion eachgroup the vaporizing tubes are preferably forward so as to form ametallic wall for such combustion chamber and the superheating tubes andfeed water heating tubes are rearwards so as to surround the first whileensuring proper circulation and maximum efficiency of the gases ofcombustion.

(c) The ceiling of the central combustion chamber is formed of steamcollectors above the groups of evaporating elements and connectedtogether; such collectors can be prot-ected from direct action of thehigh temperature of the hearth by evaporating tubes of small lengthwhich line their lower portion chamber forming a central hearth, and inand which at the same time increase the evaporating surface.

(d) When employing vaporizing tubes and feed water heating tubes of thedouble circulation type they may be provided at their lower portion with'exible tubes branched upon collectors and allowing the vaporizing andfeed water heatinP stacks to be emptied while leaving their tubes freeto expand freely.

IEach of the groups of evaporating elements may be formed of tubes ofany typesv and in particular and more advantageously of removable doublecirculation tubes of the Niclausse type.

. With the arrangements adopted the distribution of the radiant heatgiven out by the combustion takes place progressively and equally overall the surfaces forming the combustion chamber and these latter may allconsequently thus produce the same quantities of steam.

As this generator is thus formed of groups of identical evaporatingelements which are of relatively small size, its construction andmounting is easy and it may easily be arranged to generate a very largequantity of steam.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure l is a plan of the apparatus having three groups of evaporatingelements.

Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vert-ical diagrammatic view developed on the line 3-3 ofFigure l, illustrating the path for the gases.

Figure 4 is a vertical section to a larger scale of the vaporizing stackformed of one of the'three groups of evaporating elements.

Figure 5 is a vertical section to the same scale of a stack of feedwater heating tubes of one of the three groups of evaporating elements.

The generator is composed of three groups of evaporating elements ortubular generator elements of the vertical type having removable tubesor fixed tubes while any method of circulation may be employed.

As illustrated it has been supposed that the generators are of the typehaving tubes of y ators I, II, III, comprises a vaporizing stack A, awater and steam reservoir B, a superheating stack C and a feed waterheating stack D. The whole is surrounded by any suitable casing E.

`Each vaporizing stack A is composed as shown in Figure @of one or morecollectors a arranged horizontally or slightly inclined thereto, towhich are attached removable vaporizing tubes I).

The collector or collectors a form a casing and are divided in ahorizontal direction into two compartments -by a partition c so thatsteam produced in each of these vaporizing tubes b passes out into theupper compartment from which it passes through a passage d' and pipes einto the steam receivers B.

The vaporizing tubes b are supplied with water through the lower tubes bwhich all lead out into the lower compartments of each of the collectorsa; these lower com artments are supplied With water throng tubes f whichconnect them to the lower portion of lthe water and steam receivers B.

In order to facilitate the separation of water and steam from collectorsa an aperture gis formed in partition c to allow water carried oil bythe steam into the upper compartment at once to ass down into the lowercompartment an from thence into the tubes 'Ihe collectors a comprise`further Vaporizing tubes b of less length than the tubes h forprotecting the 'lower wall of collectors a ancll1 thus to preventdeformation of such wa The assemblage of vaporizing stacks is surroundedwith a partition F provided with three downwardly running apertures F-(Figure l) through which the gases coming from the vaporizing stackspass out. These gases are vdivided into two layers cach of which passesthrough thc interior of Atwo superheaters C+C placed along partition F,then through stack I), and from thence passes into smoke pipes Gcommunicating with a single chimney stack (not illustrated).

The stacks D are each formed (as shown in Figure 5) of double tubes t-hsimilar to the vaporizing tubes, the said tubesjt h leading into acollector z' having a double compartment-similar to the vaporizingcollector.

Figures 2 andu v,shops clearly the pathof the gases, the steam and thewater throughoutfthe apparatus.

.f-ulyerized fuel, solid fuel or liquid vor gaseous fuel is led into theupper portion of the combustion chamber at H'by any suitable means.

meses? The cinder is removed from H at the lower portion of thecombustion chamber.

It has been shown above that saturated steam produced by the vaporizing.stacks A passes into receivers-B through pipes e e. It passes out fromsuch receivers through tubes y' into a collector tube c which feeds thesix superheaters C through six tubes Z.

Superheaters C are formed of vertical coils connected to a singlecollector, the said superheaters being traversed by steam in such amanner that the circulation of steam takes place in reverse direction tothe circulation of the gases passing the superheaters; the steam is.thus superheated progressively.. rIhe superheated steam passes out fromthe superheaters through six pipes m uniting to a single tube n whichhas a cock 0 for taking Steam from the polygenerator.

The feed water is returned by the feed apparatus into a collector tube pwhich feeds the six 'stacks D by six pipes g connected to the tube'p asshown. When re-heated it passes out from stacks D through tubes r fromthence passes into water and-steam receivers B after havingpassed'through adjustable stop valves and if necessary through feedregulators.

Finally, in order to allow the vaporizing stacks A and stacks D to emptycompletely while allowing the tubes of which they are composed to expandfreely, their lower ends may be provided with flexible tubes s connectedto two emptying collectors t, u, for the vaporizing stacks and for thestacks D respectively. It will then, only be necessary to open the twococks 'u and w on these two collectors to empty the polygenerator completely.

It has been stated above that the circulation of the gases operates overthe evaporatin-g surface, then the superheaters, and finally the feedwater heaters. One may of course, however, employ any other method ofcirculating the gases by the aid of suitable battles.

In place of utilizing the whole of the generator group, which, asillustrated, is uasi circular, a portion only may be used to ormaboiler.

Finally, in place of providing groups of vaporizing-superheating feedwater heating elements, for example, vaporizing-superheatinggroupelements or vaporizinrr feed water heating group elements mayalnone beprovided while preserving the principle of the arrangementsabove described.

The conical shape shownis that which appears to be best, but if desiredany other shape may be employed. Similarly, the tubular elements aroundthe hearth may be combined into any shape desired, such as triangular,quadrangular, polygonal, circular.

What we claim is 1. In a steam generator including a combustion chamber,the combination of a plurality of units, each forming in itself acomplete steam generator comprising a tubular vaporizer, a collector forthe said vaporizer, a 5 superheater and a feed water heater, the wallsof the said combustion chamber being formed by the said vaporizers andthe ceiling of the said combustion chamber being formed by the saidcollectors, means for causing the lo products of combustion, afterpassing the vaporizers, to pass to the superheaters and from thence tothe feed water heaters and meansV for protecting the said collectorsagainst the direct action of the heat due to combustion. 15 2. In asteam generator including a combustion chamber, the combination of atubular vaporizer, a collector for the said vapor-v izer, said vaporizerand collector surrounding and forming respectivelya portion of the 20side Walls and ceiling of said combustion chambers and means forprotecting the said collector against direct action of the heat due tocombustion.

In testimony whereof We have aiiixedour g5 signatures. l

-. .JULES NICLAUSSE.

ALBERT NICLAUSSE.

